Magnetic Effect of Current


 In this article, we will study the topic Electromagnet, How electric motors work? and Law of Electromagnetic Induction from chapter Magnetic effect of current, out of Class 10 Science.

What is Electromagnet?

The electromagnet is created by magnetising the magnetic material with a strong magnetic field within the solenoid. A soft iron is one such material.

Properties

  • With the increase in electric current, the magnitude of the magnetic field also increases, and vice versa.
  • With an increase in distance, the magnitude of the magnetic field decreases, and vice versa.
  • Magnetic field lines are always parallel.
  • No two lines intersect each other.

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field

As per Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836), the magnet exerts the equal and opposite force on the current carrying conductor. This is illustrated in the below diagram.

Class 10-Science Magnetic effect of current Electromagnet

In the diagram, the rod experiences the force when it is placed in a magnetic field in a perpendicular direction to its length.

When the direction of current through the conductor is reversed, the direction of the extended force will be reversed.

When the direction of the field is changed by changing the two poles of the magnet, the direction of exerting force will change.

Left-Hand thumb rule

Class 10-Science Magnetic effect of current Electromagnet

According to this rule, when we stretch the thumb, forefinger, and middle finger of the left hand, the forefinger and middle finger represent the direction of a magnetic field and the thumb points in the direction of the force acting on the conductor.

Electric Motor

It works on the basis of the left-hand rule. By using an electric motor, the electric energy is converted into mechanical energy.

 

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